The Rh factor refers to a certain protein that is found on the surface of red blood cells. It is named after the Rhesus monkey, where the protein was first identified. If a person has the Rh factor protein on their red blood cells, they are said to be Rh-positive. If they do not have the protein, they are Rh-negative.
The Rh factor is especially important during pregnancy. If the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive, there is a chance that the baby will also be Rh-positive. This can lead to complications if some of the baby's Rh-positive blood cells enter the mother's bloodstream during childbirth or a miscarriage. The mother's immune system may recognize these cells as foreign and produce antibodies to attack them. This can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can cause anemia, jaundice, brain damage, and even death.
However, this problem can be prevented by administering Rh immune globulin (RhIg), which is a shot given to Rh-negative mothers during pregnancy and after delivery. The RhIg works by preventing the mother's immune system from recognizing the Rh-positive blood cells in her baby's blood.
Overall, the Rh factor is an important factor in blood transfusion and during pregnancy and childbirth. It is essential for healthcare providers to know the Rh status of their patients to prevent any potential complications.
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